For the dough

10 1/8 oz. (2-1/4 cups) unbleached all-purpose flour; more for dusting
1-3/4 oz. (1/2 cup) hazelnut meal
1/4 cup granulated sugar
1/2 tsp. kosher salt
6 oz. (3/4 cup) cold unsalted butter, cut into 1/2-inch pieces
5 Tbs. ice water
Cooking spray
For the caramel

1/2 cup granulated sugar
1 oz. (2 Tbs.) unsalted butter
1 tsp. kosher salt
3 Tbs. heavy cream
For assembly

2 sweet apples (such as Golden Delicious), peeled, cored, and thinly sliced
2 medium-ripe pears (such as Bartlett or Anjou), peeled, cored, and thinly sliced
1 Tbs. all-purpose flour
1/4 tsp. ground cardamom
Pinch kosher salt
1/2 oz. (1 Tbs.) unsalted butter, cut into 1/4-inch pieces
1 large egg yolk
1 Tbs. heavy cream
1 Tbs. white sanding sugar or turbinado sugar